The organization of recent and remote memories pdf

Neuron 41 , 35—43 Jones, M. A requirement for the immediate early gene Zif in the expression of late LTP and long-term memories. Lee, J. Independent cellular processes for hippocampal memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Brain gene expression during REM sleep depends on prior waking experience.

Induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation during waking leads to increased extrahippocampal zif expression during ensuing rapid-eye-movement sleep. This elegant series of studies references and shows that the plasticity-related gene Zif is induced in cortical regions during sleep following either behavioural exploration or induction of LTP in the dentate gyrus.

Wittenberg, G. An emerging molecular and cellular framework for memory processing by the hippocampus. Trends Neurosci. Cui, Z. Inducible and reversible NR1 knockout reveals crucial role of the NMDA receptor in preserving remote memories in the brain. Neuron 41 , — Lisman, J. Elgersma, Y. Frankland, P.

The involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in remote contextual fear memory. This paper combines cellular imaging, mouse genetic and pharmacological inactivation approaches to establish a crucial role for the anterior cingulate cortex in processing remote contextual fear memories.

Penzes, P. Neuron 37 , — Hayashi, M. Altered cortical synaptic morphology and impaired memory consolidation in forebrain-specific dominant-negative PAK transgenic mice.

Neuron 42 , — Together with reference , this study shows that mice with abnormal cortical plasticity are unable to form enduring, hippocampus-independent memories. Hall, J. Cellular imaging of zif expression in the hippocampus and amygdala during contextual and cued fear memory retrieval: selective activation of hippocampal CA1 neurons during the recall of contextual memories.

Bontempi, B. Time-dependent reorganization of brain circuitry underlying long-term memory storage. Using regional brain imaging approaches in mice, the results of this paper show that the hippocampus has a transitory role in memory storage. In addition, this study was the first to identify possible sites of permanent storage in the cortex. Chklovskii, D. Cortical rewiring and information storage. This excellent review contrasts mechanisms underlying weight and wiring plasticity, and proposes that the latter may play a crucial role in cortical memory consolidation.

Benowitz, L. GAP an intrinsic determinant of neuronal development and plasticity. Miller, R. Neural assemblies and laminar interactions in the cerebral cortex.

Hebb, D. Haist, F. Consolidation of human memory over decades revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Ridderinkhof, K. The role of the medial frontal cortex in cognitive control. Lashley, K. In search of the engram. Uylings, H. Do rats have a prefrontal cortex? Morris, R. Elements of a neurobiological theory of the hippocampus: the role of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in memory.

Miyashita, Y. Cognitive memory: cellular and network machineries and their top-down control. Ungerleider, L. Functional brain imaging studies of cortical mechanisms for memory.

Miller, E. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Tomita, H. Top-down signal from prefrontal cortex in executive control of memory retrieval. Moody, S. A model that accounts for activity in primate frontal cortex during a delayed matching-to-sample task.

O'Reilly, R. Computational principles of learning in the neocortex and hippocampus. Hippocampus 10 , — Memory: why is the cortex a slow learner? Trachtenberg, J. Long-term in vivo imaging of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in adult cortex. Willshaw, D. An assessment of Marr's theory of the hippocampus as a temporary memory store. Genoux, D. Protein phosphatase 1 is a molecular constraint on learning and memory. Villarreal, D. Feng, R. Deficient neurogenesis in forebrain-specific presenilin-1 knockout mice is associated with reduced clearance of hippocampal memory traces.

Neuron 32 , — Fortin, N. Recollection-like memory retrieval in rats is dependent on the hippocampus. Day, M. Glutamate-receptor-mediated encoding and retrieval of paired-associate learning. Bourtchouladze, R.

Different training procedures recruit either one or two critical periods for contextual memory consolidation, each of which requires protein synthesis and PKA. Kida, S. CREB required for the stability of new and reactivated fear memories.

Shadmehr, R. Neural correlates of motor memory consolidation. McBride, S. Mushroom body ablation impairs short-term memory and long-term memory of courtship conditioning in Drosophila melanogaster. Neuron 24 , — Menzel, R.

Searching for the memory trace in a mini-brain, the honeybee. Gale, G. Role of the basolateral amygdala in the storage of fear memories across the adult lifetime of rats. Sokoloff, L. The [ 14 C]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. Laroche, S.

Plasticity at hippocampal to prefrontal cortex synapses: dual roles in working memory and consolidation. Dutar, P. The septohippocampal pathway: structure and function of a central cholinergic system. Download references.

We thank R. Costa, T. Durkin, S. Josselyn and M. Moscovitch for discussions and comments on earlier drafts. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Paul W. Frankland's homepage. Bontempi's homepage. A collection of anatomically connected regions that have an essential role in declarative memory conscious memory for facts and events. The MTL includes the hippocampal region CA fields, dentate gyrus and subicular complex and adjacent entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices.

The function and organization of the MTL seems to be conserved in humans, non-human primates and rodents. A condition associated with memory loss for past events.

Most often associated with damage to the medial temporal lobe, memory loss for more recent events is more pronounced than for the distant past. A term used to describe retrograde amnesia when both recent and remote memory are similarly impaired.

Recapitulation of experience-dependent patterns of neural activity previously observed during awake periods. Stage of non-REM deep sleep that is characterized by the presence of high-amplitude, slow delta waves of brain activity. A period of sleep, during which dreaming is thought to occur. REM sleep is characterized by increased brain-wave activity, bursts of rapid eye movement, accelerated respiration and heart rate and muscle relaxation.

Cells in the hippocampus that fire in a location-specific manner. These cells are thought to form the basis of cognitive maps, which allow animals to navigate through their environment. Low frequency oscillations 7—14 Hz of neuronal activity which last 1—4 s and occur in thalamic and neocortical networks during slow-wave sleep. ZIF is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of many genes that have diverse cellular functions.

Expression of ZIF correlates with neuronal firing and is, therefore, commonly used as a marker of neuronal activity. A task used to assess spatial memory, most commonly in rodents. Animals use an array of extra-maze cues to locate a hidden escape platform that is submerged below the water surface. Learning in this task is hippocampus-dependent.

It is expressed in excitatory forebrain neurons and has a crucial role in neuronal plasticity. A functional brain imaging technique that is commonly used in rodents to estimate the level of neuronal activity in specific brain regions. The glucose analogue, 14 C 2-deoxyglucose, is administered to the animals and is subsequently taken up and trapped by active neurons.

Large collections of neurons that show coordinated firing activity. Activation of any part of this network can reconstitute activity in the entire cell assembly. These cell assemblies are thought to form the basic neuronal code of representation.

Reprints and Permissions. The organization of recent and remote memories. Nat Rev Neurosci 6, — Download citation. Issue Date : 01 February Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Advanced search. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Key Points In humans, damage to the medial temporal lobe typically produces temporally-graded retrograde amnesia — a loss of recent memories, but a relative sparing of more remote ones.

Abstract A fundamental question in memory research is how our brains can form enduring memories. Access through your institution. Buy or subscribe. This is a preview of subscription content. Change institution.

Buy article Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube. Prefrontal cortex and the organization of recent and remote memories: an alternative view. View 3 excerpts, cites background. The hippocampus: A central node in a large-scale brain network for memory. Revue neurologique. View 1 excerpt, cites background. Engrams and circuits crucial for systems consolidation of a memory.

Computer Science, Medicine. An emerging molecular and cellular framework for memory processing by the hippocampus. Trends in Neurosciences. Although the molecular, cellular, and systems mechanisms required for initial memory processing have been intensively investigated, those underlying permanent memory storage remain elusive. We … Expand. Cellular and Systems Reconsolidation in the Hippocampus. Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory.

Psychological review. Memory and the hippocampus: a synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Memory trace reactivation in hippocampal and neocortical neuronal ensembles.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology. Hippocampal complex and retrieval of recent and very remote autobiographical memories: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging in neurologically intact people.

Related Papers. Due to either decay or interference, 3. Information originally stored in the hippocampus becomes older memories become weaker and more difficult to retrieve. PFC to be retrieved. The hippocampus plays a critical role in the genesis of the There is considerable evidence from the human literature cortical memories.

Furthermore, mechanisms have been pro- The major premise of this theory is that there is a dynamic posed that enable the PFC to be activated in response to a po- reorganization in the location of memories as a function of their tential retrieval failure.

For example, weak old memories may age. As new memories are formed, old memories get moved from lead to diffuse patterns of neural activation that trigger conflict the hippocampus to cortex. In its strong form, this theory pre- detectors in the anterior cingulate cortex Botvinick et al. Numerous studies of humans and other animals becomes active when mice were retrieving old memories.

Instead, it represents ac- tempi et al. In this case, the PFC can pro- new and old memories. They measured neuronal activity in dif- vide a signal to boost activity in regions that contain the trace.

Their impor- they have not degraded and are easily retrieved through hippo- tant finding was that activity in the hippocampus and regions of campal memory traces see Fig.

For recently acquired memories, there grade with age, Frankland, Bontempi and colleagues Bontempi was high activity in the hippocampus and low activity in the PFC et al. In their recent review work, Frankland and Bontempi Although forgetting was not always revealed by the behavioral interpreted these results in the context of the standard theory of measures used in their studies, there was clear forgetting in the systems consolidation, suggesting that PFC regions play the same Bontempi et al.

Where forgetting was absent, role in retrieving old memories that hippocampus plays in re- we would argue that the activity boost provided by PFC enabled trieving new memories. Thus, memories initially acquired in the successful retrieval. Furthermore, we suggest that more subtle hippocampus become consolidated into the PFC and other cor- measures of forgetting would reveal that the old memory trace tical areas, with the PFC being a critical locus of consolidation had degraded.

For example, it is known that as a memory ages, it because of its broad patterns of interconnectivity with other can be retrieved by a broader range of stimulus cues i. Their generalization gradient broadens; Riccio et al. For example, a key implication of our ac- relevant PFC regions has no effect on retrieving a new memory count is that the age of the memory is a correlate, but not the but impairs retrieval of an old memory Frankland et al. In- Maviel et al. To the degree the trace is degraded or weak, PFC neurons will be activated.

Thus, it 1 should be possible to reverse the age-related changes in PFC ac- Corresponding author. Edu; fax: Article published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are at trieval. Conclusion Frankland and Bontempi have offered an interesting and new conception of the role of PFC regions in the retention and retrieval of new and old memories. We hope that by offering an alternative account that is consistent with considerable existing data about the function of the PFC, that researchers will be mo- tivated to experimentally evaluate the different implications of the two views.

If the Frankland and Bontempi view is correct, then the standard model of systems consolidation would be greatly strengthened. If we are correct, however, the standard theory of systems consolidation draws no support from the Figure 1. The relative neuronal activity in the hippocampus and pre- Frankland and Bontempi studies Bontempi et al. Frankland et al.